Crymlyn Burrows; a biodiversity hotspot

Miscellaneous observations from the wonderfully diverse habitats at Crymlyn Burrows during a morning visit by Matt Pickard and myself included drifts of Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea), this species being very abundant on the landward dune ridges where it grows alongside Devil's-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis). The two species proved to be very attractive to a wide range of invertebrates. Unfortunately we failed to relocate Field Wormwood (Artemisia campestris) seen a few weeks previously by Charles Hipkin and Penny Neyland, this now one of Glamorgan's most threatened plants, with invading scrub due to lack of management being the principal cause of its steady decline.

On the plus side the discovery of Star-wort (Cucullia asteris) larvae feeding on Goldenrod was a highlight. I am aware of only four other post-2000 records of this Nationally Notable moth in Glamorgan, all just singletons of adults, so the discovery of a breeding population is very significant.

Bumblebees were generally rather scarce, but three noteworthy species were recorded, Brown-banded Carder Bumblebee (Bombus humilis) [a BAP priority species], Red-shanked Carder Bumblebee (B. ruderarius) and Heath Bumblebee (B. jonellus).

Heath Bumblebee on Goldenrod

Alien plants are a prominent feature in parts of Crymlyn Burrows, for example Early Goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) which form extensive stands along with other species such as Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), but perhaps most worryingly of all Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), which is now very prominent in some areas. Patches of of Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Japanese Rose (Rosa rugosa) are not infrequent on the more open dunes and there is patch of the rather incongruous is Orange-peel Clematis (Clematis tangutica), which proved to be very attractive to Brown-banded Carder Bumblebees. This striking plant was first noted by Charles & Hilary Hipkin in 1998 and I assume the ~5m x 4m clump at SS717927 shown to me by Matt today is the same?

large drift of Early Goldenrod about to burst into flower

Orange-peel Clematis

Orange-peel Clematis seed head...
...perhaps the inspiration for Dr Seuss's Truffula Trees?

Additional to the issues of scrub encroachment and alien invaders, the site will also see changes brought about by the university and proposed tidal lagoon developments. Dune habitats are dynamic and they can show a surprising level of resilience, however, maintaining the biological interest of the site will be a major challenge faced by those involved in the site's future management.

Banded Demoiselle

As far as I know Banded Demoiselles do not occur on Gower. This one, photographed on 12th August 2012 in the Clyne Valley, may represent the nearest location to the AONB. Beautiful Demoiselles are also know in the Clyne Valley and at a few location inside the AONB. It would be nice to plot their local distribution!

Derek, distribution maps below showing records held on MapMate database for Glamorgan (vc41) [BS]

Banded Demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens)

Beautiful Demoiselle (Calopteryx virgo)

Brimstone Moth drying its wings

Taken 22:34

 Taken 22:38

Taken 22:48

I came across this Brimstone Moth (Opisthograptis luteolata) on the path from Pilton Green to Foxhole Slade at about 10:30pm. In addition to the obvious expansion of the wings it's interesting to note how much the abdomen has expanded.

I returned just before dawn the following morning and found it still in the same place clearly having made no attempt to fly during it's first night as an adult.

Longleaf rediscovered 104 years on

Longleaf growing dockside, very close to the
Rough Star-thistle (Centaurea aspera) site

Longleaf flowers

As with Dunnock (Prunella modularis) and Selfheal (Prunella vulgaris), Longleaf (Falcaria vulgaris) shares its generic name with another totally unrelated organism, the moth Scalloped Hook-tip (Falcaria lacertinaria). The Flora of Glamorgan states this neophyte was last recorded in West Glamorgan in 1909 at Port Talbot. Being a rhizomatous perennial, it appeared that the 13m x 3m patch I stumbled across today has been there a long time, but whether the population is the same as the 1909 site is not known. Given the apparent prolific seed production, perhaps it's more likely the species has persisted as small colonies on and off in the area.

Longleaf leaves (left) and Oak-leaved Goosefoot (right)

Other noteworthy plant sightings recently have included Bugseed (Corispermum intermedium) at Margam Tip and Oak-leaved Goosefoot (Chenopodium glaucum) in Swansea Docks. Although both are non-natives and hence of limited ecological significance, they have very restricted distributions in Wales and are of local interest.

the rather uninspiring Bugseed,
naturalised at only a handful of UK sites

Rye Brome

Barry Stewart tipped me off about a population of Rye Brome (Bromus secalinus) in an arable field of wheat near Margam. It's a grass and it may not raise eyebrows, but it is very distinctive and Barry's discovery provides a notable, new record for NPT.
Rye Brome is an archaeophyte (an alien introduced into the British Flora before AD 1600) and was  probably brought to Britain in ancient times mixed with cereal crop seeds, particularly wheat and rye. Until the introduction of efficient seed cleaning methods, the seeds of Rye Brome were common contaminants of cereal crops. Rye Brome is good at doing this. It  has evolved to mimic the cereal crops with which it grows, so that the spikelets that contain the seeds (or grain) disarticulate (break up) and release the seed at exactly the right time to ensure collection with the cereal harvest. The seeds of Rye Brome are also very similar in size to cereal grain, so they are not very conspicuous contaminants. Not surprisingly, Rye Brome became a very successful arable weed and,occasionally, Rye harvests contained so much contaminating seed that the flour was spoiled by a characteristic bitter taste. Before people knew better, this was thought to have resulted from a degeneration of the Rye crop itself. According to Cope & Gray (in Grasses of the British Isles), this is where the name Cheat Grass originated. With the advent of efficient seed 'cleaning', Rye Brome became less common as an arable weed and decreased greatly in abundance. It seems to be making something of a comeback for some reason.

Merthyr Mawr Sea-heath

Sea-heath along the strand on the Ogmore

As part of the bee survey I walked the length of shore on the Merthyr Mawr side of the Ogmore estuary. Sea-heath (Frankenia laevis) is locally abundant along this shore line and was being visited by 100's of bees, mostly Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) and Red-tailed (B. lapidarius), along with 'clouds' of Meadow Browns (Maniola jurtina) in a few sheltered spots. A confiding Clouded Yellow (Colias croceus) was a bonus as was a queen Moss Carder Bee (B. muscorum).

Garnwen today on the E/W glam border near Maesteg.

               Black darter

                Leptura rubra

                Tachina grossa

                   Tachina grossa.